Oil giant Royal Dutch Shell has slumped to a loss of $6.1bn (£4bn) for the third quarter after taking a $8.2bn (£5.4bn) hit from ditching long term projects and the impact of lower oil and gas prices. Shell said it had taken a $2.6bn (£1.7bn) hit on the recent decision to abandon drilling off Alaska as well as $2bn (£1.3bn) for another cancelled operation, in Canada. Meanwhile, the company took a $3.7bn (£2.4bn) charge on the impact of a downward revision to the long-term out